![]() No other abnormalities were found upon neurological examination. Mydriasis of the right eye due to adhesion of the iris and the lens was observed. Mental status was alert during the neurological examination. Hematology and serum biochemistry results were unremarkable. After generalized seizures, post-ictal signs including transient circling and mild ataxia was observed. Loss of consciousness was noted during seizure, and subsided in less than 1 min. Generalized seizures occurred seven or eight times a day. Case PresentationĪ 12-year-old 1.5 kg entire male Yorkshire terrier was referred with a history of acute onset of seizures 1 day before admission. We describe a case of suspected CSF rhinorrhea in a dog of which discharge was shown to contain brain-type transferrin. In contrast to human medicine, diagnostic criteria for CSF rhinorrhea have not yet been established for dogs. Suspected or confirmed CSF rhinorrhea has been reported only sporadically in dogs ( 7, 8). Analysis of nasal secretions in order to determine the concentration of glucose and brain-type transferrin has been widely used clinically in order to confirm the presence of CSF rhinorrhea. In humans, diagnostic imaging including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used, and diagnosis can be made through nasal inspection and laboratory tests of the fluid ( 6). Non-traumatic causes in humans are associated with neoplasia, inflammation, or congenital skull malformation, or are classified as idiopathic. ![]() Causes are classified as traumatic and non-traumatic, and traumatic causes are more common in humans ( 3– 5). CSF leakage requires presence of a communication between the subarachnoid and extracranial space through the skull base ( 2). The concentration of glucose and brain-type transferrin could be useful for diagnosing CSF rhinorrhea.Ĭerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a type of CSF leakage ( 1). Serum-type and brain-type isoforms of transferrin were detectable in the nasal sample. The glucose concentration in the nasal discharge was 74 mg/dL. In humans, analysis of nasal secretions to determine the concentration of glucose and brain-type transferrin has been widely used clinically in order to confirm the presence of CSF rhinorrhea. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea was suspected, based on clinical signs and MRI findings.
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